The majority of my knowledge regarding K-12 online learning, virtual schooling, or cyber schooling comes directly from the content I have learned thus far during this course, in addition to the implementation of Virtual Credit Recovery programs and Distance Learning (instructor and 1/2 of the students are in building 1 and the other 1/2 of students are across the district in building 2 watching their teacher on their screen and being directed by their instructor throughout the class while a paraprofessional is overseeing them).
I believe there are two main formats/branches online learning/virtual schooling/cyber learning can be viewed as: synchronous and asynchronous.
There are many different settings in which online learning can take place, depending on how your district views the need for physical presence of each student, how the state you are teaching in records the number of students being instructed, the availability of paraprofessionals to oversee a class of students, etc.
Students taking online learning courses usually have a variety of options regarding where they complete their course work and can differ vastly from one student to another! Students can either be in the classroom with the para, at home sitting at a desk, at home sitting in their bad, in a library, or in front of their instructor. The main idea here is that they have an Internet connection and are able to access the learning management system and the courses content.
The courses offered range from English to Math to Science to History to digital art to health. However, the only way I have seen physical education completed without the students physical presence in class was when they were required to have an adult sign off on the activities they needed to perform.
As I mentioned at the beginning, my experience with online learning is only a result of my students with learning disabilities completing a course as a result of failing their F2F course, otherwise known as 'Credit Recovery'.